Which of the following is an important characteristic of asphalt binder?

The important characteristic of asphalt binder is its elasticity and resistance to deformation. This quality is essential because asphalt binder must be able to accommodate various stresses without cracking or failing under load. In terms of pavement applications, elasticity allows the binder to return to its original shape after being subjected to traffic loads and temperature variations, thereby enhancing the durability and longevity of the pavement surface.

High elasticity is vital for performance since it helps to manage thermal expansion and contraction, as well as the cyclic loading from vehicular traffic. A good asphalt binder needs to resist permanent deformation, particularly under high temperature and heavy loads, which could lead to rutting and other forms of distress in asphalt pavements.

While low viscosity at high temperatures and thermal conductivity can influence the workability and temperature-related behavior of asphalt mixtures, elasticity and resistance to deformation are more critical for the overall structural performance of asphalt pavement. The ability to absorb moisture doesn't generally define the effectiveness of the binder itself; rather, it relates to potential durability issues in the pavement if moisture gets trapped in the asphalt mix.